Fuel and Combustion Formulas

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Fuel and Combustion
S.	Description	Symbol	Formula			Example
No.
1	Gross calorific value	GCV			80.8 * C + 22.45 * S + 339.53 * H – 35.89 * O	C	70.86
		kcal/kg-fuel				S	0.58
				C	Carbon content in fuel, wt%	H	3.87
				S	Sulphur content in fuel, wt%	O	6.08
				H	Hydrogen content in fuel, wt%	GCV	6834
				N	Nitrogen content in fuel, wt%	Target	–
2	Net calorific value	NCV			GCV – 52.53 * H – 6 * m	GCV	6007
		kcal/kg-fuel				H	3.2
				GCV	Gross calorific value of fuel, kcal/kg-fuel	m	1.3
				H	Hydrogen content in fuel, wt%	NCV	5831
				m	Moisture content in fuel, wt%	Target	–
3	Useful heat value	UHV			8900 – 138 * ( Ash + m )	Ash	14.99
		kcal/kg-fuel		Ash	Ash content in fuel, wt%	m	1.93
				m	Moisture content in fuel, wt%	UHV	6565
						Target	–
4	Standard coal factor	SCF			( 1 – m / 100 ) * NCV / 7000	m	1.93
		–		m	Moisture content in fuel, wt%	NCV	6500
				NCV	Net calorific value of fuel, kcal/kg-fuel	SCF	0.911
						Target	–
5	Stoichiometric Combustion	SCA	Formula-1			NCV	6500
	Air	kg/s			NCV * F	F	11000
	or				709 * 3600	SCA	28.01
	Minimum Combustion			NCV	Net calorific value of fuel, kcal/kg-fuel	Target	–
	Air			F	Fuel rate in kiln, kg/hr

			Formula-2			C	70.78
					[ 0.11594 * C + 0.34783 * ( H – O / 8 ) + 0.04348 * S ] * F	H	3.46
					3600	O	5.12
				C	Weight% of Carbon in fuel	S	0.71
				H	Weight% of Hydrogen in fuel	F	11000
				O	Weight% of Oxygen in fuel	SCA	28.17
				S	Weight% of Sulphur in fuel	Target	–
				F	Fuel rate in kiln, kg/hr

			Formula-3			m	1.9
					10.478 * ( 100 – m ) * GCV * F	GCV	6700
					100 * 7000 * 3600	F	10500
				m	Weight% of Moisture in fuel	SCA	28.70
				GCV	Gross calorific value of fuel, kcal/kg-fuel	Target	–
				F	Fuel rate in kiln, kg/hr
6	Specific Stoichiometric	SSCA	Formula-1			NCV	6500
	Combustion Air	kg/kg-fuel			NCV	SSCA	9.17
	or				709	Target	–
	Specific Minimum			NCV	Net calorific value of fuel, kcal/kg-fuel
	Combustion Air
			Formula-2			C	70.78
					0.11594 * C + 0.34783 * ( H – O / 8 ) + 0.04348 * S	H	3.46
				C	Weight% of Carbon in fuel	O	5.12
				H	Weight% of Hydrogen in fuel	S	0.71
				O	Weight% of Oxygen in fuel	SSCA	9.22
				S	Weight% of Sulphur in fuel	Target	–

			Formula-3			m	1.9
					10.478 * ( 100 – m ) * GCV	GCV	6700
					100 * 7000	SSCA	9.84
				m	Weight% of Moisture in fuel	Target	–
				GCV	Gross calorific value of fuel, kcal/kg-fuel

			Formula-4			SCF	0.925
					10.478 * SCF	SSCA	9.69
				SCF	Standard coal factor, –	Target	–
7	Theoretical Flame Temperature	TFT			3.107 * NCV	NCV	6500
		deg.C			SCA	SSCA	9.28
				NCV	Net calorific value of fuel, kcal/kg-fuel	TFT	2176
				SSCA	Specific stoichiometric combustion air, kg/kg-fuel	Target	–
8	True CO2 in kiln exit gas	TCO2			100 * ( CO2 + CO )	CO2	36.5
		vol%			100 + ( 1.89 * CO ) – ( 4.78 * O2 )	CO	0.002
				CO2	Kiln exit gas CO2, vol%	O2	4.2
				CO2	Kiln exit gas CO, vol%	TCO2	45.7
				O2	Kiln exit gas O2, vol%	Target	–
9	Burner Tip Velocity	BTV			4 * Ps ^0.5	Ps	1800
		m/s		Ps	Static pressure in duct, mmWG	BTV	170
						Target	–
10	%Primary Air	%PA			PA * 100	PA	2.05
		%			SCA	SCA	27.24
				PA	Primary air, kg/s	%PA	7.53
				SCA	Stoichiometric combustion air, kg/s	Target	–
11	Flame Momentum	FM			%PA * BTV	%PA	11.2
	or	%.m/s		%PA	%Primary air, %	BTV	150
	Relative Impulse			BTV	Burner tip velocity, m/s	FM	1680
	(Source : F.L. Smidth)					Target	1000-2000

IF YOU WORK IN A CEMENT PLANT AND YOU NEED COURSES AND MANUALS LIKE THIS MANUAL AND BOOKS AND EXCEL SHEETS AND NOTES I SPENT 23 YEARS COLLECTING THEM YOU SHOULD CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THEM NOW

Fuel and Combustion Formulas

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