To download the below  and all other Useful Books and calculations Excel sheets please click here 

To download the below  and all other Useful Books and calculations Excel sheets please click here 

Kiln Performance & Efficiency Formulas ( updated and Completed )

Volumetric loading of Kiln

Thermal loading of Kiln

Specific thermal loading for precalciner kilns of modern design : 4.0 to 5.0 M kcal/hr/m2

Feed moisture evaporation rate

Evaporation ratio of kiln volatile cycle

K, Na, S & Cl are all subject to partial evaporation at kiln burning zone temperatures.

Volatization in burning zone and condensation in preheater may be represented as shown below. The external cycles through dust collector are not considered; if dust is not wasted, then virtually all “e” is returned to the kiln.

False air Estimation O2 method

% Excess air