Pilot Burner Capacity Calculation In: Complete Guide & Downl

The pilot burner of the rotary kiln is the small flame that starts the big one: the auxiliary burner that heats the kiln, fires up the fuel of the kiln hood and carries the light of the ignition through the winter: on the big dry process kilns the pilot and auxiliary burner serves three duties: the heating of a cold kiln with the refractory lining, the start of the main burner, and the insurance when the main flame flickers: the capacity of this pilot burner is not guessed: it is calculated: the kilowatt-hours of the heating demand, the fuel flow of the needed energy, the nozzle and the lances sized to the kiln: this is the art of the workbook that this page explains.

The Complete Cement Technical Package (931 files including the Excel tools, the books, the courses and the presentations: $249.99 one-time: instant download via the PayPal payment) includes this pilot burner capacity calculator with its input sheets, its fuel tables and its output summary: the engineer enters the kiln data, the heating plan and the fuel properties, and the workbook returns the capacity, the fuel flow and the nozzle sizing of the pilot burner: this article walks the workbook: the role of the pilot, the heat, the calculation, the example and the practice of the plant: the reader closes the page with the numbers of his own kiln in mind.

Why this small tool deserves the attention: because the pilot burner is the most tested burner of the plant: every start-up, every reheat after the shutdown, every cold day exercises it: the plant that sizes it too small waits hours of the extra heating and risks the refractory shock; the plant that sizes it too big wastes the fuel and heats the kiln faster than the lining can sleep: the calculation of the capacity is the balance between the engineering haste and the money of the fuel: the workbook captures that balance in the familiar columns of a spreadsheet: this page goes through the file sheet by sheet, so the reader can follow with the tool open.

1. The Role of the Pilot and the Auxiliary Burner in the Kiln System

The vocabulary of the firing system is precise and the workbook uses it exactly:

• The pilot burner: the small-flame burner that ignites the main gas or oil flame: the pilot flame guarantees the ignition cross the moment the main fuel valve opens: the hold: the pilot the size of a few hundred kW on the big kilns: it is the “light” of the kiln;
• The auxiliary/start-up burner: a much larger burner, often a separate burner lance in the kiln hood or the riser duct: it provides the heat during the kiln start-up, the kiln warm-up after the long shutdown, and during the partial operation when the main burner cannot run alone:
• The pyro burner: the main burner of the kiln (the multi-channel or the flexible): the pilot and the auxiliary burners operate before the main flame takes the duty: the capacity calculation of the workbook concerns the auxiliary and the pilot together, with the sizes of the same family:

The terms are often mixed on the plant: some label the auxiliary burner the “start-up burner”, others the “coking-off burner” for the heating: the workbook clarifies: the pilot is the ignition assurance, the auxiliary is the heating workhorse: the same fuel (usually oil, natural gas or damped LPG) feeds both: the calculation of the capacity starts from the duty the auxiliary must deliver, and the pilot sizing sits at the fraction of the same heat.

2. What the Workbook Does: The Inputs and the Outputs

The calculation workbook of the pilot burner capacity accepts the plant’s inputs in the shaded cells and returns the engineering answers in the white ones:

• The kiln inputs: the internal diameter and the length of the kiln, the kiln slope, the refractory lining type and thickness, the kiln surface of the smoke-free shell: these define the heat acceptor of the startup;
• The heating plan: the target temperature of the refractory (typically 700 to 900 degrees Celsius at the calcining zone for the heat, or up to 1,000 to 1,100 C for the clinkering start), the available heating time in hours, the ambient temperature:
• The fuel inputs: the fuel type (diesel, heavy fuel oil, natural gas, LPG), the net calorific value, density and the atomizing pressure if liquid:
• The outputs: the total heat demand in kilowatts and its time curve, the fuel flow (kg/h or Nm3/h), the combustion air flow, the burner nozzle or tip diameter, the flame length estimate: the capacity for the heater:

The workbook keeps the calculations of the standard formulas from the burner engineering (the heat balance of a heating-up kiln, the equivalent fuel of the calorific values, the gas flow of the sight-area): the results of the tool match the engineering hand calcs of the plant’s consultants, and the input cells are protected from the accidental fields: the engineer enters the numbers, the discipline of the sheet does the rest.

3. The Heat Demand of the Startup: Why the Refractory Governs the Capacity

The capacity of the auxiliary burner is the answer to one question: how many kilowatts does the kiln need to warm the refractory from the ambient to the operating temperature within the plan’s time? The answer is dominated by the lining heat: the calculation runs on this chain:

• The heat to raise the lining: the mass of the refractory (the brick density of 1,900–2,900 kg/m3 depending on the type: the magnesite-rich 1,000–2,700, the alumina bricks 2,200–2,900, with the brick thickness of 200–330 mm in the burning zone) times the specific heat (about 0.8–1.0 kJ/kgKs for the brick types) times the temperature rise: for a 4.2 m kiln with 220 mm of the basic brick in the burning zone, the lining mass is roughly 30–45 tonnes of brick per 10 meters of the shell:
• The heat to raise the shell: the steel shell, the thickness of 32–50 mm at the diameter, about 25–40 kg/m2: a modest share but it must be counted:
• The losses during the heating: the radiation and the convection from the shell to the surroundings during the hours of the warm-up: on a cold winter start the losses can reach 10–20% of the total: heavily cold nights, the wind:
• The time factor: the heat divided by the hours of the plan gives the power: the same heat in 8 hours needs twice the power of the 16 hours: the tool asks the plan because the answer depends on it:

An order of magnitude gives the engineer the feel: the kiln of 4.0 m by 60 m with the standard lining needs on the order of 3 to 8 megawatts of the firing power for a 12–24 hours startup to the 900 degree zone temperature: the small 3.0 m kilns run 1.5–3 MW and the large 5.0 m lines 6–12 MW: these numbers surface in the assignment calculations of the tool, and they are the honest statement of the industry: the auxiliary burner is not a pilot light, it is a heater of the class of the industrial furnaces.

4. The Heating Curve of the Kiln: The Discipline of the Rate

The full capacity is rarely applied from the first minute: the refractory of the magnesite bricks tolerates the thermal shock only within the prescribed rates, and the heating curve rules the auxiliary:

• The initial stage: the first hours climb slowly: rates of 30–60 degrees per hour at the low temperatures, allowing the moisture of the mortar and the new castables to evaporate gently: the refractory castables often ask for the soaks at 100, 300 and 600 °C, the hold times against the steam explosion:
• The middle stage: 200–500 °C climb rates of 75–100 °C per hour are common on the drained linings, while the new linings follow the supplier’s curve (often the max 50–75 °C/h):
• The final approach: 600–1,000 °C: the rates of 100–150/h acceptable for the old linings: the stabilization hold before the fuel is introduced to the main burner:

Every curve is a series of steps and holds, and the power of the auxiliary burner follows the steps: the duty cycles, the flame down in the holds, the flame up again in the climbs: the average power of the cycle is what the tool calculates as “the continuous rating”: the plant engineer could choose a burner capacity of about 1.2–1.5 times the average power so that the holds do not dirty the flame and the climbs are not starved: the rule of the margin, entered in the workbook as the design factor.

5. The Fuel and Its Number: The Calorific Values in the Tool

The fuel choice defines the numbers in every row of the calculation: the tool carries the standard fuel table and the user’s own fuel values:

• The diesel oil (the Diesel #2 or the equivalent): the net calorific value about 42.5–43 MJ/kg (about 36.5–37 MJ/Nm3 as the liquid gas equivalent): density 0.83–0.86: the classic fuel of the start-up burners because of the good liquidity even in the cold:
• The heavy fuel oil (HFO): the NCV about 39.5–41 MJ/kg: density 0.95–1.0: the storage heating required: used where the plant buys the fuel cheap:
• The natural gas: the LHV about 34–38 MJ/Nm3 (about 9.4–10.5 kWh/Nm3): the gas is the clean, instant, no tank: the flame dynamics of the gas demand the careful nozzle: the gas network pressures 1.5–6 bar supply the burner:
• The LPG: the liquid propane-butane: the NCV ~46 MJ/kg, and the typical site supply via the tanks:

The conversion the tool performs: from the fuel mass flow in kg/h times the heat in MJ/kg to the MW: the reasonable16: a 4 MW auxiliary burner with the diesel at 43 MJ/kg flows 4,000 kW / 43,000 kJ/kg ≈ 0.093 kg/s or 335 kg/h: the number the nozzle must fit: every litre holds about 0.036 GJ: the tool carries these conversions, and the air flow derives from the stoichiometry, so the nozzle numbers follow the fuel numbers: one change of the fuel, the whole sheet updates.

6. The Burner Sizing: The Flame, the Nozzle and the Speed

The capacity decides the fuel flow, and the fuel flow decides the burner element: the sizing outputs of the tool:

• The nozzle or tip size: the liquid fuel: the pressure atomization tips (the industry of 0.5–3.0 mm) deliver through the pressure drop of the pump station: the flow of a tip is a function of the hole area and the square root of the pressure: the tool computes the tip flow and suggests the diameter the flow range;
• The gas velocity: the kiln hood nozzle of the auxiliary is placed in the kiln and its jet velocities of 50–120 m/s (the cold) entrain the combustion air: the guidance of the flame: the workbook holds the velocity limits for the stable flame:
• The flame length: for an auxiliary flame inside the large kiln, the flame should not lick the shower of the chain, the flame length of the kiln-equivalent of 8–20 m is digestible: the auxiliary ports are often positioned to point down the kiln axis, producing a flame shorter than the mineral flame of the main burner:
• The stack of the hood: the burner is mounted in the kiln hood (the Riser or the cyclones) with the angle to the kiln centerline: the workbook notes the typical angles 0–15 degrees and the corrections for the kiln slope (typically 3.5–4.0%):

The nozzle of the small pilot (the handful of kW) is not the same device: the pilots are usually the gas lances with the small single-hole tips and the flame rods: the workbook separates the two laws because the capacity of the pilot is the fraction of the auxiliary: the pilot flow the gate of the auxiliary: the tool charts the two rows: the pilot_rating_kW and the auxiliary_rating_kW, and the plant engineer reads the numbers of his own system in one look.

7. The Air and the Combustion of the Startup: The Controlling Numbers

The air of the auxiliary combustion is a chapter of its own: lean or rich, the flame behaves differently and the process of the refractory feels it:

• The stoichiometric air: the diesel needs about 14.5 kg of air per kg of the fuel, the natural gas about 17–18 kg per kg: the tool computes the minimum of the burner at its rated flow:
• The excess of the air of the start: the practical start-up burns with 20–50% excess air: the oxygen of the flue in the 3–6% at the burner: the rich flame (>5% CO) soots the lining and the honeycomb, the lean flame wastes the fuel:
• The draft of the kiln: the kiln ID fan provides the pull that carries the products to the stack: the auxiliary starts with the fan running at the reduced guide vane: the tool maintains the flow entries so the operator knows the total gas volume the fan must pull through the preheater at every firing level:
• The temperature measurement: the thermocouple pilots the heat: the kiln entrance, the flame and the brick: the tool’s heat plan accepts the thermocouple readings as the verify columns of the curve:

The air discipline keeps the refractory clean: the sooted brick does not the anchor the brick: the auxiliary firing with the proper air leaves the lining dry and sintered as designed: the tool’s air rows are not ornament: the operator uses them as the start setpoints for the kiln fans, and the plant that follows them has the warm-up that matches the curves of the refractory suppliers, the insurance of the campaign.

8. The Worked Example: The 5.0 Meter Kiln, Full Print of the Sheet

Now let the numbers fly: the example of a mid-size dry-process line, exactly as the workbook produces it, with the inputs in the left and the results in the right:

• The kiln: internal shell 4.6 m by 64 m: the shell temperature 25 C: the lining: 220 mm of the magnesite-spinel in the burning zone (about 3,100 kg/m3 apparent), 180 mm of the high-alumina in the upper, the duty per the zone:
• The heat plan: the target: the burning zone refractory to 850 C in 14 hours at the mean rate of ~60 °C/h with the holds at 200, 450 and 650 C: the ambient 15 C: the night wind:
• The fuel: the diesel with the NCV 42.8 MJ/kg and the density 0.84:
• The heat: the lining+shell raised: ~52 GJ: the losses during the 14 hours at the average shell temperature: ~9 GJ: total demand: ~61 GJ: 61,000,000 kJ / (14 h × 3,600 s) ≈ 1,210 kW average: applying the 1.3 design factor: the rated auxiliary: ~1,600 kW;
• The fuel flow: 1,600 kW at 42.8 MJ/kg: 0.0374 kg/s ≈ 134.6 kg/h: at the flow 0.84: ~160 L/h: the unit checks: the pilot of 350 kW flows about 29 kg/h
• The air: 134.6 × 14.5 ≈ 1,950 kg/h at the 30% excess ≈ 2,540 kg/h ≈ 0.70 kg/s air: with the oxygen of the flue around 4%:
• The nozzle: the fuel tip for the 135 kg/h diesel with the 12 bar atomization ≈ 1.9 mm orifice: the gas capacity of the hood sufficient to 1,950 kg/h:

The example numbers deliver the discipline: 4.6 m kiln, 14 hours, 850 C: the burner of about 1.6 MW and 135 kg/h: every plant in that class shows the same numbers within the tolerances of the lining and the weather: the reader can open the tool, enter the own kiln and date, and watch the same arithmetic appear: the capacity calculation of the pilot is not magic: it is the heat, the hours, the fuel and the nozzle: the same arithmetic is the one the supplier’s proposal uses, so the engineer who has run the sheet arrives at the negotiation of the capacity with his own numbers in hand: the equal foot of the conversation, the honest start of the purchase.

9. The Practice of the Plant: The Mounting and the Operation of the Pilot

Beyond the calculator, the plant practice of the auxiliary burner: the physical arrangement and the habits of the shift:

• The mounting: the auxiliary burner lance enters the kiln hood through the access port of the seal: the fixed position along the kiln centerline of the hood: the slide for the withdrawal in the normal operation: the doors and the sight ports near the flame for the supervision:
• The fuel train: the day tank with the pump, the flow meter, the solenoid, the flame relay: the flame the plant’s interlock: the start button purges the burner before ignition, ignites the pilot, then the main auxiliary: the purge matters because the accumulated gas explodes: the operation sequence of the package includes the purge timing (typically the 3–10 min with the fan at high) and the ignition probes:
• The start sequence: the fan flow first, then the purge, then the pilot, then the fuel: the operator watches the flame relay and the temperatures: the burner can be fle near the flame monitor (UV cell or the photocell) that trips the fuel valve in 2–5 seconds if the flame dies:
• The shut down: the fuel first, the air continues 5 minutes to purge the leaks and cool the tips: the kiln then cools slowly as the refractory dictates, the vent doors open:

The operational practice reads like a ritual, because it is one: the kiln starting is the most dangerous hour of the year: the cold gas pockets, the exploding castable, the fuel standby: the tool of the package does the calculation, and these routines of the shift remind the engineer that the numbers must reach the plant with the valves, the relays and the discipline: the workbook carries the checklists of the sequence so that the operator has a reference: the checklists belong on the burner panel as much as the flow meters.

10. The Pilot Burner in the Alternative Mode: The Energy of the Flexible Plant

The modern cement plant hires the auxiliary burner into the second line of the business: the flexibility of the fuel mix:

• The alternative fuel ignition: the plants firing the alternative fuels (tyres, flakes, the derivatives granulated SRF) sometimes flame the main kiln with the waste of the low calorific, and the pilot/auxiliary serves the stable ignition of the main heavy: the capacity of the pilot then must cover the torch mode of the main burner system:
• The partial restart: the kiln trips at the night and the process is dead: the auxiliary warms the kiln in the intermediate hours and prevent the solidification of the coating and the freeze of the gas temperature:
• The dryer and the heater: in the plants the auxiliary burner also heats the hot gas generator of the raw mill dryer in the winter, when the kiln is off: the same workbook the size: the duty of the gas: the tool covers the duty in the correct row of the same heat demand sheet:

The multiple duties raise the same capacity: the tool’s output with the duty tab lets the engineer model the warming, the torch and the dryer cases, and the chosen burner covers the worst case with the turndown to the least: the turndown of the industrial burners at 5:1 is typical: the capacity of the pilot at 3–4% of the main is the classic igniter ratio: the ratio, kept in the package’s guideline sheet, spares the plant the oversizing of the pilot that no one dares to switch on.

11. The Analogy of the Capacity: The Tool and the Manual of the Package

A few practical analogies that the handbook of the package draws between the calculator and the concrete situations of the factory:

• The heat-up vs the capacity margin: all kilns heat faster with more power, but the lining governs: the real constraint is not the burner but the tolerated rate: the burner sized 1.2–1.5 of the plan average answers the curve, not the sum: the tool cross-checks the rate at the burner steps;
• The diesel vs the gas: the diesel is energy-dense per volume (42,800 kJ/kg vs the gas 34–38 per Nm3): a change of the fuel into the sheet changes the flows, the air and the nozzle: the plant that keeps both fuels keeps two rows of the sheet and the tool highlights the differences;
• The winter vs the summer: the cold-wall losses in winter 20–30% higher: the plant that sizes in July and starts in January underestimates: the tool holds the ambient field, and the honest figures of the plant fill it with the local winter number:
• The pilot versus the process: the smallest pilot flames are tumblesome: the family of the flame output with the dedicated pilots of known ratios: the sheet of the tool carries the table of the industry (main flame 5,000 kW– pilot 150 kW): the spark of the common sense:

These are the tool choices behind the exactness of the capacity: the engineering of the start-up is a marriage of the heat math and the refractory biology: the calculator does the math, the guidelines of the package list the biology: the two read together give the planner the answer to the sizing questions instantly, on the very day of the kiln’s maintenance shutdown planning.

12. The Honest Limits of the Calculation: What the Sheet Does Not Answer

An honest manual also notes the boundaries of the tool: the capacity calculation is the first of the three pillars of the burner: the other two are the fluid dynamics of the flame and the refractory – two topics that the tool points beyond:

• The flame shape: the calculation assumes the flame of the respectable shape: the exact response of the flame depends on the atomization quality, the droplet sizes, the swirl numbers: the CFD or the burner supplier’s tables are the next level, the tool’s the approximate: for the auxiliary of the start-up, the approximation of the tool suffices the engineering decision;
• The refractory of the vendor: the supplier of the brick castables publishes its own heating curves: the numbers of the tool plan within the vendor’s lines: the two must be read together: the data of the vendor overrides when in conflict:
• The local codes: the atomization pressure, the flames proof enclosures, the gas piping standards: the tool supports the local codes, the plant engineer verifies the lance against the code of the country: the package’s library contains the burner guidelines and the P&ID examples that the local engineer can check:

With those boundaries said, the tool is not approximate: it is the correct level of the design answer: the industry’s start-up burners have been sized this way for generations: the refinements are the last few percent of the design: the tool captures the first 95% of the job in the spreadsheet, and the remaining 5% is the burner manufacturer’s detailed engineering: the honest boundaries keep both the tool and the engineer above the falsehood.

13. The Monitoring: The Instrument of the Pilot During the Startup

The capacity is not the only number the tool gives, but it feeds the monitoring: the pilot in operation is supervised by a set that the workbook lists so the operators of the start share the same ledgers:

• The temperatures: the kiln inlet and the kiln outlet thermocouples, and the chain of the brick surfaces: the startup dial reads the climb against the planned curve: the thermocouple at the kiln inlet (the coldest of the tower) is the first indicator that the heat front arrived;
• The O2 and the CO: the flue gas analysis at the tower exit corrected with the CO near the burner: the O2 of the auxiliary at the start 3–6%, the CO < 100–200 ppm during the stable: the combustion then protects the brick surface oxide for the size:
• The flame observation: the kiln hood camera watches the flame shape and the anchor: the small flame towards the kiln axis, the fixed position on the flame: the videos of the starts belong to the archives of the start:
• The fuel totalizer: the total of the auxiliary fuel per startup: the sum of the diesel of the start compared to the fuel curves of the previous: the total per MW and hour feeds the tool’s benchmark sheet:

The monitoring converts the startup from a hope into a supervised plan: each start is different in the hours, but the numbers of each start are compared to the curve: the comparison of the actual fuel against the plan is the teacher of the next plan: the plants accumulate the startup logs in the workbook and the capacity of the next plan rides the previous receipts: the knowledge of the kiln, accumulated in the same file that calculated the first start.

14. Frequently Asked Questions

What is a typical ratio between the pilot burner and the main burner of the kiln?

On a dry line with the main burner at 40–60 MW, the auxiliary start-up burner typically covers 3–12% of the main duty, and the ignition pilot runs on a few hundred kilowatts, about 1–3% of the full light: the workbook’s guidelines carry the family ratios so the plant can answer the capacity question and check the offer of the supplier in the same day.

Can the same burner run on oil and on gas?

Yes: the oil lance and the atomizer are exchanged against the gas gun with its own nozzle and the velocity: the flame of the gas is longer and the air requirements differ, so the tool’s fuel table recalculates the flows, the air and the nozzle for each fuel: a plant with both fuels keeps both columns of the sheet and the operators switch with the numbers, not with the guess.

The kiln is being heated with a brand-new castable: how does the calculation respect it?

The new castable dictates the actual curve: the moisture of the new lining must leave slowly, and the holds of 100, 300 and 600 °C are prescribed by the supplier: the tool accepts the complete soak curve as an input and places the flame ratings at the curve: the effective heat time is longer than the wall time, and the capacity of the burner follows the longer time: the sheet protects the new lining as the vendor demands.

What about the air demand: how does the operator know the fan is enough?

The air volume at the rated flow is computed in the sheet (about 14.5 kg of air per kg of the oil, 17 kg for the gas, plus the excess): the fan characteristic of the plant sits in the same sheet: the operating point of the fan at the burner flow is verified before the first fire of the burner: with the starter the fan is always pre pulled, and the tool’s air row is the check between the burner and the fan.

The tool uses the Celsius and the SI: what about the Imperial users?

The workbook carries the unit conversion rows on the first sheet: the kiln feet, the Btu/h, the gallons per hour: the formulas in the working cells remain SI internally, and the conversion cells translate the output: the package supports both worlds in the same file, so the conversions are not the reason to resist the tool.

Could this calculation error hurt the kiln?

If it under-sizes the burner, the startup simply takes longer and the curve slips the plan: if it over-sizes it beyond the turndown, the flame at the minimum may be unstable and the operator cannot follow the supplier’s curve: both failures are the money failures, not the burning failures of the kiln: with the 1.2–1.5 design factor and the turndown check of the sheet, the tool keeps the error in the band where it cannot hurt the refractory: the honest sizes of the good start-ups are documented practice, and the sheet’s numbers move in that pasture.

Why does the package present this as a spreadsheet instead of a one-page table?

Because the numbers of the pilot depend on the plant: the kiln geometry, the lining plan, the fuel and the climate: a fixed table serves one imaginary kiln, while the workbook serves every kiln: the engineer enters the cases of his own line, sees the sensitivities (the lining weight, the winter, the fuel), and the plant acquires an instrument, not a poster of one example: the value of the tool is exactly in its adaptability.

Do the results of the sheet match the classic hand calculations of the kiln designers?

Yes, within the normal engineering tolerances: the hand calculation route (the heat to raise the lining, the fuel flow from the heat of combustion, the retention times of the nozzle velocities) is the same route the sheet automates: the differences of the two methods are typically below the 5–10% band, the same band as the real uncertainties of the lining weights: the sheet is the modern reprint of the classic method, and the package keeps both versions so the engineer can cross-check his own arithmetic.

15. The Start-up Sequence in Practice: From the Cold Kiln to the Main Flame

The calculation ends at the paper; the sequence of the furnace starts at the first light of the fuel, and the complete picture of the tool includes the sequence it serves: a typical cold start with the auxiliary burner runs through a known choreography:

• The preparation: the kiln and fans and the ID fan at the purge, the air registers fully open, the purge timer counting its minutes: the fuel valves closed, and tagged: the operator’s checklist mirrors the purge rows of the workbook;
• The first ignition: the pilot on, the flame relay arms, the auxiliary valve opens at the minimum rating: the flame monitored for 15–20 minutes for the stability before the first increase of the rating: the stable band comes from the tool’s turndown row;
• The climb: the rating steps up following the soak curve of the refractory: the O2 and the temperature read every hour, the fan flow adapted: the tool’s duty table is the operator’s min-max chart for every hour of the curve;
• The approach: when the target zone temperature is reached, the main burner of the kiln takes the fuel step by step, the auxiliary falls back to its minimum, then the shutdown in the order: fuel valve closed, the purge again, the observation for a quarter hour: the sequence, the time and the entries: all written in the log;

The sequence is the practical half of the calculation: the capacity computed by the sheet, the rate of the climb disciplined by the curve, and the transition to the main burner executed on the plant’s interlocks: the complete story of the kiln waking: the tool of the package gives the numbers, and this chapter of the guide gives them the order of the events: the two halves of the same knowledge, together on the burner platform.

16. Conclusion

The pilot burner of the rotary kiln: the small flame of the start, sized by the exact heat of the lining: the capacity, the fuel, the nozzle and the air: the tool of the package computes these numbers in the seconds that the engineer needs before the decision: the answer: exactly how much energy the kiln needs to wake up and the burner that matches it: the balance of the money and the safety, the two halves of the kiln’s temperature discipline.

The Complete Cement Technical Package includes the pilot burner capacity calculator, the design guidelines, the books and the courses: 931 files: the Excel tools, the presentations: the $249.99 once: the instant download: the lifetime of the updates: the kiln starts with the pilot, the engineer starts with the numbers: the package gives both: the flame of your kiln, spark.

This file is part of the Complete Cement Technical Package (931 files) available from cementequipment.org. Respective rights holders; library copy for the licensed single user.